Terminology for the disorder is varied. Slurred speech without alcohol is linked to a variety of Certain communities, such as the Muscular Dystrophy community and the Spinal Muscular Atrophy community, have embraced the term, but others argue that interabled relationships are relationships just like any other and should not be marked as different. When referring to the legislation whose name includes death with dignity, right-to-die or similar terms, say the law or proposal allows the terminally ill to end their own lives. If the term is in the name of a bill or law, make that clear. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having OCD only if the information is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having PTSD only if the information is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. The terms depressed, depressing and depressive are acceptable in other contexts when the person being referenced does not have a medically diagnosed condition. There is debate over how relevant IQ tests should be in making a diagnosis. In 2009, the writers of the television show Glee introduced the term handicapable as a positive alternative to other ways of referring to people with disabilities. Use of the word dwarf is considered acceptable when referring to the genetic condition, but it is often considered offensive when used in a non-medical sense. Insane/insanity/mentally deranged/psychopathology, American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Dwarf, little person/people/midget/short stature, Intellectual disabilities/intellectually disabled, Dwarf, little person/midget/short stature, Dissociative identity disorder/multiple personality disorder, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. WebHearing-impaired This term is no longer accepted by most in the community but was at one time preferred, largely because it was viewed as politically correct. It calls for use of a lower case d in all usages. The concept of triggering originated with early psychoanalytical diagnoses of posttraumatic stress disorder, called war neuroses, in WWI veterans. NCDJ Recommendation: Use Americans with Disabilities Act on first reference; ADA is acceptable on second reference. Many feel that its never appropriate to use homebound or housebound.. NCDJ Recommendation: Do not say someone has had a seizure unless there has been a medical diagnosis. Alcoholism is characterized by a loss of control in alcohol use, according to the American Psychiatric Association. AP style: Avoid using committed suicide except in direct quotations from authorities. Use obsessive-compulsive disorder on first reference; OCD is acceptable in second reference. Many prefer to be described as autistic, while others prefer an autistic person or a person with autism.. Avoid made-up words like diversability and handicapable unless using them in direct quotes or to refer to a movement or organization. Some people with ADHD prefer to say they have the condition; others prefer to say they are ADHD. And so we are no longer offering advice regarding a default. Alzheimers disease is the most common form of dementia. It is characterized by new muscle weakness, joint and muscle pain and fatigue., NCDJ Recommendation: Use the term polio rather than infantile paralysis. Seizure types vary by where and how they begin in the brain. Similarly, there is not really a good way to describe the nature of a condition. Many times, though, the cause of a seizure is unknown.. NCDJ Recommendation: Ask the disabled person or disability organizational spokesperson about their preferred terminology. Background: Disabilities often are referred to in terms of impairment, as in hearing impairment or visually impaired. Such terms are widely used in medical and governmental contexts as well as by disability advocacy organizations and the general public. People with albinism also are sensitive to the effects of the sun and are at increased risk of developing skin cancer., According to the National Organization on Albinism and Hypopigmentation (NOAH), there is debate over whether albinism is a disability, but it is often referred to as one because of issues associated with vision. Use attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder on first reference; ADHD is acceptable on second reference. NCDJ Recommendation: The terms deafblind, deafblindness, deaf-blind and deaf-blindness are all acceptable. It has been criticized by some in the Deaf community who are concerned that the device could threaten Deaf culture. ASL is acceptable on second reference. Legally blind is a broad term for various eye conditions but generally refers to someone whose visual acuity is 20/200 or less even with corrective glasses or contact lenses. Avoid confined to a wheelchair or wheelchair-bound as these terms describe a person only in relationship to a piece of equipment. In this guide, we urge reporters and other communications professionals to refer to a disability only when its relevant to the story being told. AP style: Addressed in entry for Trauma, suggesting that traumatic brain injury is an acceptable use of the word trauma., Background: A caregiver is an individual who provides direct care to people with disabilities and others, according to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary. If possible, ask the person which is preferable. Ask your sources for their preference. The term high-functioning autism is widely used but is not a medical diagnosis, and many consider it offensive. This was due to the fact that both groups considered hearing-impaired to be offensive because it carried a value judgement implying that the person was impaired or defective. It is typically caused by a spinal cord or brain injury. NCDJ Recommendation: Cretin is considered a slur to describe a person with intellectual disabilities. Dont say that an awards show, for example, was schizophrenic., Background: According to the Mayo Clinic: A seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain. AP Style: The style book suggests a content warning at the top of stories when the subject matter may be considered offensive or disturbing, but the story does not contain quoted profanity, obscenities or vulgarities. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as catatonic only if it is part of a medical diagnosis. However, this term is not widely used. Mayo Clinic. Dementia is not a specific illness; it refers to a wide range of symptoms. Background: A defect is defined as an imperfection or shortcoming. More serious causes of dysarthria, or sudden slurred speech, include Its chief symptoms include difficulties with spelling, reading, pronunciation of words and processing auditory information. Less than one percent of the general population has schizophrenia, and it is treated mostly through the use of pharmaceutical drugs. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its derived from the Italian wordritardato, and the first definition of the adjective version is held back or in check; hindered, impeded; delayed, deferred.. NCDJ Recommendation: Ask the person with a disability how they prefer to be described; if thats not possible, ask a spokesperson for the organization representing the relevant disability for preferred terminology. However, organizations such as the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, the Mayo Clinic and the National Stuttering Association generally use the term stuttering to refer to the speech disorder. As retired clinical psychologist and disability rights advocate Katherine Schneider notes, You take care of property To people you give care.. Slurring your words can be commonly caused by exhaustion or alcohol consumption. Background: The Center for Inclusive Design defines Plain English as a direct style of writing for people who can read at a reasonable level. NCDJ Recommendation:Avoid using cripple as either a noun or verb unless you are describing the crip movement or if its in a direct quote. Background: The two terms often are used interchangeably. National Institute of Neurological Disorders. Background: Schizophrenia is a serious chronic mental illness characterized by distorted recognition and interpretations of reality, affecting how an individual thinks, feels and acts, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.Common symptoms include visual and auditory hallucinations, delusional and disordered thinking, unresponsiveness, and a lack of pleasure in daily life and other social issues. Consider using people-first language, as in a person with an intellectual disability rather than an intellectually disabled person. As always, ask the person which terms they prefer. NCDJ Recommendation: Do not use the term freak to describe a person with a disability as it is derogatory. It is now widely considered a derogatory slur. Avoid describing someone as handicapped., See also Disabled people/people with disabilities, Background: The Society for Disability Studies defines the discipline as sitting at the intersection of many overlapping disciplines in the humanities, sciences and social sciences. NCDJ Recommendation: Use person with chemical intolerance or people with environmental illness. Do not use chemophobic as it is considered derogatory. However, some people still strongly support the method. Refer specifically to the physical changes. You can also download the NCDJ Style Guide as a PDF. NCDJ Recommendation: Non-disabled or does not have a disability are acceptable terms when referring to people who do not identify as having a disability. Those with dysarthria often slur or drag their words when they try to pronounce them. Brain damage. Background: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, cued speech is a building block that helps children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing better understand spoken languages. Its a series of hand signs and spots near the mouth used to differentiate between sounds that look the same as one is mouthing them. Some organizations suggest avoiding the terms demented, dementing, dements, senile or senility to refer to someone with dementia. NCDJ Recommendation: It is acceptable to describe a person as someone with muscular dystrophy, followed by a short explanation of what the condition entails. We also will include some guidance in individual entries here but again, we encourage you to confirm on a case-by-case basis. Background: Non-disabled refers to someone who does not have a disability. AA is a fellowship of men and women who share their experience, strength and hope with each other that they may solve their common problem and help others to recover from alcoholism, according to the groups preamble. Aging and exposure to loud noise may cause wear and tear on the hairs or nerve cells in the NCDJ Recommendation: It is preferable to use a medical professionals diagnosis or, if that is not possible, terms such as comatose or non-responsive. Avoid referring to someone as a vegetable or veg as such words dehumanize the person. It is the preferred terminology in Great Britain and by a number of U.S. disability activists. Too Much to Drink. Background: Amputation refers to the removal of a bodily extremity, usually during a surgical operation, for a variety of reasons, according to Johns Hopkins Medicine.People who have undergone an amputation are commonly referred to as amputees, but the term may be offensive and often is not used correctly. Background: According to the National Human Genome Research Institute, a genetic disorder is caused in whole or in part by a change in the DNA sequence away from the normal sequence. Symptoms include restlessness, difficulty in focusing or staying organized and impulsivity. These personalities, medically known as alters, can exhibit different speech patterns, mannerisms, attitudes, thoughts, gender identities and even physical characteristics. Additionally, a person who does not use speech may be able to hear. For example, They found the election results depressing.. OCD may present as a fear of contamination, disarray or intrusion, according to the Mayo Clinic. This lack of diversity negatively affects Deaf and hard of hearing (DHOH) people of color, who are subjected to communication barriers when utilizing the services of an interpreter from different ethnic and racial backgrounds as themselves. News reports covering sensitive topics, such as abuse, assault, addiction, suicide, combat and violence, frequently contain descriptive scenarios that can deeply effect audiences. Background: A deformity is a condition in which part of the body does not have the typical or expected shape, according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Avoid referring to the disabled in the same way that you would avoid referring to the Asians, the Jews or the African Americans. When describing individuals, do not reference disabilities unless it is clearly pertinent to the story. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having dyslexia only if the information is relevant to the story and if youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. See Autism In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association folded Aspergers syndrome into one umbrella diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Avoid saying a person suffers from or is afflicted with the disease. According to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, the opposite is true. NCDJ Recommendation: Consider using speech disability instead of impediment, disorder or impairment.. Background:American Sign Language is a complete language that utilizes signs made by moving the hands combined with facial expressions and postures of the body, according to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. These conditions begin during the developmental period of life, may impact day-to-day functioning, and usually last throughout a persons lifetime.. Its acceptable to use the word said in subsequent references. To become an interpreter, an individual must not only display bilingual and bicultural proficiency but also have the ability to mediate meanings across languages and cultures, both simultaneously and consecutively. In most cases, this entails placing the reference to the disability after the reference to a person, as in a person with a disability, or a person living with a disability, rather than the disabled person.. They give audiences a choice on whether or not to proceed with consuming the information. Nasal, raspy or strained voice. NCDJ Recommendation:Avoid using invalid to describe a person with a disability except in a direct quote. Background: A person who has a congenital disability has had a disability since birth. It is a negative commotation. Common symptoms across forms of dementia include memory loss, difficulty performing complex tasks, communication difficulties, personality changes and paranoia, according to the The center recommends against using the term harelip as it is anatomically incorrect and stigmatizing. The terms senility and senile denote conditions brought on by aging and often are used incorrectly to denote dementia. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having depression only if the information is relevant to the story and you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. Keah Brown, a writer and disability activist who has cerebral palsy, tweeted in 2018: I just really cant stand the word cripple, so whenever I see it, I block it out. NCDJ Recommendation: It is acceptable to state that someone has a congenital disability or lives with a congenital disability. Webwhy is hearing impaired a slur. Its proper name is major depressive disorder. The institute says that related diagnoses include seasonal affective disorder (characterized by the onset of depression during the winter months), psychotic depression (a combination of psychosis and depression), and postpartum depression (sometimes experienced by mothers after giving birth). In general, blind or legally blind is acceptable for people with complete or almost complete vision loss. WebAccording to the National Association of the Deaf, there are approximately 28 million deaf and hearing-impaired people in the U.S.--roughly 10 percent of the total population. Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder is an anxiety disorder usually caused by an extremely emotional traumatic event. The appropriateness of the terms is disputed by those within and outside of the organization. Many people consider defect and other forms of the term offensive when describing a disability as they imply the person is deficient or inferior to others. NCDJ Recommendation: All the terms are acceptable, although, because they are not widely used, an explanation is required for a general audience. Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological and developmental disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures, according to the Epilepsy Foundation. However, symptoms vary across the spectrum. NCDJ Recommendation: Because anonymity is central to the organization, disclose that someone is a member of Alcoholics Anonymous only if it is essential to the story. Physical deformities can arise from a number of causes, including genetic mutations, various disorders, amputations and complications in utero or at birth. Background: The terms mentally retarded, retard and mental retardation were once common terms that are now considered outdated and offensive. A genetic condition is congenital, but a congenital condition is not necessarily genetic. While caregiver and caretaker often are used interchangeably, they imply something different. Amy Silverman, NCDJ advisory board member. slurred slowed hoarse stuttered rapid Depending on the underlying cause of your speech impairment, you may also experience other symptoms, such as: drooling NCDJ Recommendation: Use Tourette syndrome with no possessive or capitalization of syndrome. Refer to someone as having Tourette syndrome only if the information is relevant to the story and if youre confident there has been a medical diagnosis. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. combination of your inner ear and the nerves in your ear. A developmental disability can include a long-term physical or cognitive/intellectual disability or both. Some mountainous regions, such as parts of the Alps, do not naturally provide their inhabitants with a diet rich enough in iodine, and the resultant hypothyroidism causes stunted growth and mental retardation. Until recently, the term deaf-blind was widely accepted, and it is still in use today. Use a person with dementia or a person with dementia rather than demented or senile. When possible, reference the specific disease, such as someone with Huntingtons disease. When referencing Huntingtons disease or Parkinsons disease, use the full term rather than shortening to Huntingtons or Parkinsons.. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid describing people as gifted or twice exceptional unless they have been identified as such by a professional. It might be Easy English. Background: Abnormality is a word used to describe a condition that deviates from what is considered normal. Background: Cerebral palsy refers to a number of neurological disorders that appear in infancy or early childhood and permanently affect body movement and muscle coordination, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. For example, if I say that I am hearing-impaired, people may get the impression that Im incapable of something. It is characterized by unusually intense shifts in emotion, energy, behavior and activity levels in what are called mood episodes. Such episodes are usually classified as manic, hypomanic, depressive or mixed episodes. However, academics eventually found there was little scientific evidence that the technique worked, leading many to conclude the aide was actually the one communicating, according to a study from Emory University. This style guide, which covers dozens of words and terms commonly used when referring to disability, can help. National Center on Disability and Journalism, American Psychiatric Association discourages, National Organization on Albinism and Hypopigmentation (NOAH), National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, . Be cautious about calling someone an ableist just as you would be cautious about calling someone a racist or a sexist. AP style: Not addressed except in terms of abbreviation: AA is acceptable on second reference. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. The guide was developed by the National Center on Disability and Journalism at Arizona State Universitys Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication and was last updated in the summer of 2021. Complications from spina bifida range from minor physical problems to significant intellectual and physical disabilities. Some provide emotional therapy as well as medication management. It can be appropriate when used in a medical context, such as abnormal curvature of the spine or an abnormal test result. However, when used to describe an individual, abnormal is widely viewed as derogatory. It is acceptable to refer to someone as deaf or hard of hearing. See also Deaf; Cochlear implant and Hard of hearing. Alternate phrases include killed himself, took her own life or died by suicide. The verb commit with suicide can imply a criminal act. In common usage, psychotic often is used in the same way as the word crazy, and thus can be offensive and inaccurate. But note that there is no universal agreement on the use of these terms not even close. Sometimes people with quadriplegia refer to themselves as quads. In these cases, use in quotes. Patients may exhibit eye movements and other involuntary movements. Bipolar disorder used to be referred to as manic depressive illness, but that is no longer the case. Background: These terms carry the assumption that a person with a disability is suffering or has a reduced quality of life. Use the term dwarf only when applied to a medical diagnosis or in a quote. Referring to someone who does not have a disability as a normal person implies that people with disabilities are deviant or strange. Dont say that an awards show, for example, was schizophrenic.. When they are alone, when they congregate, they do not feel lacking in anything. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders debuted the new term childhood-onset fluency disorder to refer to stuttering, along with a few new criteria for its diagnosis. Paraplegia is similar but does not affect the arms. In general, there is no hyphen after inter, so interabled is the correct usage (not inter-abled). For example, emotional intelligence also is important when considering a persons overall intelligence, according to the American Psychological Association. However, it is such a general term that it fails to accurately describe a persons condition and is now widely viewed as offensive in that it implies that a person lacks abilities. I legit ignore every notification with the word in it.. AP style: The stylebook allows the use of vegetative state, describing it as a condition in which the eyes are open and can move, and the patient has periods of sleep and periods of wakefulness, but remains unconscious, unaware of self or others.. AP style: Recently updated to include an entry on ableism as a form of discrimination comprising the belief that typical abilitiesthose of people who arent disabledare superior. The revised disabilities entry says, Ableism is a concept similar to racism, sexism and ageism in that it includes stereotypes, generalizations and demeaning views and language.. The term functional needs is preferred when a term is required. For example, the terms failed attempt or successful or completed attempt depict suicide as a goal, project or solution. A child learns to speak by hearing the speech of others in the family and surroundings. NCDJ Recommendation: It is preferable to use neutral language when describing a person who has a disability, simply stating the facts about the nature of the disability. For example, some people have Alzheimers disease and vascular dementia.. The average height of a dwarf is 40.. But why does their speech get sloppier? Syracuse Universitys Disability Cultural Center says, The basic reason behind members of (some disability) groups dislike for the application of people-first language to themselves is that they consider their disabilities to be inseparable parts of who they are. For example, they prefer to be referred to as autistic, blind or disabled.. The condition is a neural tube defect that occurs when the spinal column does not close all the way in the womb. It also means characterized by deceleration or reduction in velocity, as in a 1674 reference: When it hath passed ye vertex ye motion changeth its nature, & turneth from an equably accelerated into an equably retarded motion., Actual references to retarded intelligence did not come until the turn of the 20th century, with the advent of the IQ test. NCDJ Recommendation: Specify American Sign Language on first reference, capitalizing all three words. They may prefer non-disabled or enabled as being more accurate. Avoid using defect or defective when describing a disability because the terms imply that the person is somehow incomplete or sub-par. Color vision deficiency is becoming more widely used, but you may have to explain its meaning, depending upon the context. The association recommends using people-first language to describe mental illness in order to avoid defining people by their disability. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid terms like disorder or defect, which are considered derogatory. The terms are considered derogatory because they equate symptoms of illness to filth. When possible, ask sources how they would like to be described. People with these conditions often are referred to as quadriplegics and paraplegics, but these terms are considered offensive by some. The term flashback may be used to denote reliving an event that triggered the PTSD. Thats OK. You may end up using a derogatory term in a direct quote, but be certain that its fundamental to the story. Common congenital disabilities include Down syndrome, heart-related medical conditions and most forms of cerebral palsy. Because of perceived stigma, some people are calling for an end to the use of the term mental illness, suggesting instead a person diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder or a person with a mental health history. Some advocates suggest using the term mental health experience. However, the term mental illness still is widely used within the medical and psychiatric professions. More. Did you know that NCDJ Recommendation: The term non-disabled and the phrases does not have a disability or is not living with a disability are more neutral choices. Do not say the person had a fit or had an epileptic fit.. NCDJ Recommendation: Do not use the term retarded or other iterations. It is not caused by problems in the muscles or nerves but by differences in parts of the brain that control muscle movement. Tetraplegia is used interchangeably with quadriplegia.. Background: According to the National Association for Gifted Children, giftedness is characterized by the capacity to perform above the level of ones peers. Background: Quadriplegia is defined as the paralysis of all four limbs as well as the torso. Use quotes when officials or family members use a term such as a history of mental illness to refer to an individual, and when appropriate, indicate that the diagnosis has not been confirmed. Avoid using the word shrink in reference to a mental health professional except in a quote. NCDJ Recommendation: If youre an educator, consider alerting students ahead of time if content contains graphic descriptions of traumatic events. However, avoid using such words to describe a person. People with OCD usually exhibit both obsessions and compulsions but sometimes exhibit only one or the other. Avoid use of Seeing Eye dog as Seeing Eye is a registered trademark of The Seeing Eye school in Morristown, N.J. Be aware that licensure and/or certification of service animals is a contentious issue in the disability community, so it may be best to refer to the federal definition. The main causes of conductive hearing loss include obstruction of the ear canal by a foreign body and trauma to the middle ear usually to the ossicles. Other symptoms include memory loss, emotional issues, disorientation and the development of other mental disorders. Jonas Salk introduced the polio vaccine in the 1950s, which drastically reduced cases of polio in the U.S. Programs in Disability Studies should encourage a curriculum that allows students, activists, teachers, artists, practitioners, and researchers to engage the subject matter from various disciplinary perspectives.. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid these terms as they often are used inaccurately and can be offensive. Speech may be able to hear on first reference ; ADA is on... 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